Types of Logic With Examples

What are the examples of logic in philosophy?

Types of Logic With Examples

• Premises: Nikki saw a black cat on her way to work. At work, Nikki got fired. Conclusion: Black cats are bad luck.
• Premises: There is no evidence that penicillin is bad for you. I use penicillin without any problems.
• Premises: My mom is a celebrity. I live with my mom.

What type of statements are always logically equivalent?

Two statement forms are logically equivalent if, and only if, their resulting truth tables are identical for each variation of statement variables. p q and q p have the same truth values, so they are logically equivalent.

What is a converse statement example?

Our converse statement would be “If the grass is wet, then it is raining.” Our inverse statement would be “If it is NOT raining, then the grass is NOT wet.” And our contrapositive statement would be “If the grass is not wet, then it is not raining.”

How do you write a Contrapositive statement?

To form the contrapositive of the conditional statement, interchange the hypothesis and the conclusion of the inverse statement. The contrapositive of “If it rains, then they cancel school” is “If they do not cancel school, then it does not rain.” If p , then q . If q , then p .

What is standard form logic?

The standard form of an argument is a way of presenting the argument which makes clear which propositions are premises, how many premises there are and which proposition is the conclusion. In standard form, the conclusion of the argument is listed last.

What is converse statement in math?

In logic and mathematics, the converse of a categorical or implicational statement is the result of reversing its two constituent statements. For the implication P → Q, the converse is Q → P. Either way, the truth of the converse is generally independent from that of the original statement.

What are the laws of logic?

Laws of thought, traditionally, the three fundamental laws of logic: (1) the law of contradiction, (2) the law of excluded middle (or third), and (3) the principle of identity. The three laws can be stated symbolically as follows.

What is a Biconditional statement?

Biconditional Statements. and Definitions. When you combine a conditional statement and its converse, you create a biconditional statement. A biconditional statement is a statement that can be written in the form “p if and only if q.” This means “if p, then q” and “if q, then p.”