What does DJ-1 protein do?

As a multifunctional protein, DJ-1 can regulate transcription and signal transduction pathways, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and function as a molecular chaperone and enzyme, all of which leads to the anti-oxidative stress reaction of DJ-1 (3–7).

What does DJ-1 stand for?

Protein deglycase DJ-1, also known as Parkinson disease protein 7, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PARK7 gene.

What does PARK7 gene do?

The PARK7 gene provides instructions for making the DJ-1 protein. This protein is found in many tissues and organs, including the brain. Studies indicate that the DJ-1 protein has several functions, although none are fully understood.

What chromosome is PINK1 on?

PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrial serine/threonine-protein kinase encoded by the PINK1 gene. It is thought to protect cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction….

What is progressive degeneration?

Abstract. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic, progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS).

What is PARK2 gene?

The PARK2 gene encodes cytosolic ubiquitin-E3- ligase, the Parkin protein. The main Parkin function is to regulate mitophagy. It acts in tandem with the PINK1 mitochondrial protein, which is a product of another gene of autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease [6].

Where does alpha synuclein come from?

Alpha-synuclein is abundant in the brain, and smaller amounts are found in the heart, muscles, and other tissues. In the brain, alpha-synuclein is found mainly at the tips of nerve cells (neurons) in specialized structures called presynaptic terminals.

How does MPTP cause Parkinson’s?

MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a prodrug to the neurotoxin MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson’s disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. It has been used to study disease models in various animal studies.

What is GBA gene?

The GBA gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called beta-glucocerebrosidase. This enzyme is active in lysosomes, which are structures inside cells that act as recycling centers.

Where is Parkin protein found?

Abstract. Parkin (Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2) is a ~52 kDa (426 amino acid) enzyme protein, encoded by PARK2 gene and located on the 6q chromosome. It plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and acts as a regulator of protein breakdown.