Listen to pronunciation. (TRANZ-loh-KAY-shun) A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other.

What does translocation mean in chromosomes?

Listen to pronunciation. (TRANZ-loh-KAY-shun) A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other.

What disease is caused by translocation mutation?

Cancer: Several forms of cancer are caused by acquired translocations (as opposed to those present from conception); this has been described mainly in leukemia (acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia). Translocations have also been described in solid malignancies such as Ewing’s sarcoma.

What is the 20th chromosome responsible for?

Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is a condition that affects the normal development and function of the brain. The most common feature of this condition is recurrent seizures (epilepsy) in childhood. The seizures may occur during the day or at night during sleep.

How does translocation cause leukemia?

Translocations Can Produce Oncogenes. Figure 4: The consequences of recurring chromosome translocations. a) In some lymphomas and leukemias, chromosome translocations lead to the juxtaposition of promoter/enhancer elements from one gene (gene A, purple) with the intact coding region of another gene (gene B, red).

What causes chromosome translocation?

Translocations generally result from swapping of chromosomal arms between heterologous chromosomes and hence are reciprocal in nature (Figure 1) (8,9). DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are prerequisites for such translocations, although little is known about their generation.

What are chromosome 20 characteristics?

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 20:

• Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy.
• Arterial tortuosity syndrome.
• Adenosine deaminase deficiency.
• Alagille syndrome.
• Fatal familial insomnia.
• Galactosialidosis – CTSA.
• Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 1.
• Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

What type of chromosome is chromosome 20?

Mosaic trisomy 20 is the most common type of chromosome 20 trisomy and is one of the more common chromosomal abnormalities found during prenatal diagnostic testing. Studies have shown that the child is normal in the vast majority of prenatally diagnosed individuals.

What is translocation in plants explain?

The movement of sucrose and other substances like amino acids around a plant is called translocation . In general, this happens between where these substances are made (the sources) and where they are used or stored (the sinks): from sources in the root to sinks in the leaves in early spring time.

When does chromosomal translocation occur?

Translocations occur when chromosomes become broken during meiosis and the resulting fragment becomes joined to another chromosome. Reciprocal translocations: In a balanced reciprocal translocation (Fig. 2.3), genetic material is exchanged between two chromosomes with no apparent loss.