Depression in adults has been linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and increased incidence of fractures. Physiologic factors, such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and increased circulation of inflammatory cytokines, may adversely impact bone metabolism.

What is depression in bones?

Depression in adults has been linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and increased incidence of fractures. Physiologic factors, such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and increased circulation of inflammatory cytokines, may adversely impact bone metabolism.

What is the definition of cancellous bone?

Cancellous bone is the meshwork of spongy tissue (trabeculae) of mature adult bone typically found at the core of vertebral bones in the spine and the ends of the long bones (such as the femur or thigh bone).

Can depression cause bone loss?

Several studies have shown that depression is a predictive factor for osteoporosis and fracture development (179–181). In addition, pharmacological interventions targeted at improving mental health, particularly in patients with major depressive disorder or PTSD diagnoses, may impact bone health.

What happens in the cancellous bone?

Cancellous bone is comprised of spongy, porous, bone tissue that is filled with red bone marrow. Mostly concentrated in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, and skull, cancellous bone is responsible for the production of red blood cells.

What is the difference between a tuberosity and a tubercle?

Tubercle vs tuberosity A tubercle is a small rounded prominence, often a site of tendon or ligament attachment e.g. adductor tubercle of the femur. A tuberosity is larger, found in varying shapes and often rough in texture. The ulnar tuberosity is one example.

What is a tuberosity in anatomy?

Definition of tuberosity : a rounded prominence especially : a large prominence on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments.

Is cancellous bone soft?

It is also found inside the vertebrae, in the ribs, in the skull and in the bones of the joints. Spongy bone is softer and weaker than compact bone, but is also more flexible. It is characterized by a lattice-like matrix network called trabeculae (Latin for little beam) that gives it its spongy appearance.

What is compact and cancellous bone?

Compact bone is the harder outer shell of the bone while cancellous bone is the inner porous, less dense layers of the bone. Bones are important components in assisting movement and granting a shape to the body.

Why does depression cause osteoporosis?

We propose that depression induces bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, primarily via specific immune and endocrine mechanisms, with poor lifestyle habits and use of specific antidepressants also potential contributory factors.

How does serotonin affect bone health?

When produced peripherally, serotonin acts as a hormone to inhibit bone formation. In contrast, when produced in the brain, serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter to exert a positive and dominant effect on bone mass accrual by enhancing bone formation and limiting bone resorption.

What happens to cancellous bone under stress?

The open structure of cancellous bone enables it to dampen sudden stresses, as in load transmission through the joints. Varying proportions of space to bone are found in different bones according to the need for strength or flexibility.

Is Sinus a depression or opening?