What is measured under the Pauwels classification of femoral neck fractures?

Pauwels (1935) [9, 10, 11] introduced first biomechanical classification for femoral neck fractures. This classification calculates the angle between the fracture line of the distal fragment and the horizontal line to determine shearing stress and compressive force (Fig 1). …

What is the most commonly used classification system for femoral neck fractures?

The Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures is the most widely used. It is simple and predicts the development of AVN 1,2. Garden described particular femoral neck and acetabular trabeculae patterns which can assist in recognizing differences within this classification system 2.

What is the Garden classification of fractured neck of femur?

1) consists of four subtypes: Garden grade I is an incomplete femoral neck fracture, with valgus impaction; Garden grade II is a complete but non-displaced fracture; Garden grade III fracture is a complete and partially displaced fracture with alignment of the femoral neck relative to the neck in varus deformity and …

What is Pauwels osteotomy?

We believe the modified Pauwels’ intertrochanteric osteotomy should be considered as a primary procedure for treatment of neglected femoral neck fractures. Coxa vara and shortening can be corrected simultaneously. Limb-length equalization can be achieved by valgus positioning and lateralization of the distal fragment.

What does Pauwels classification measure?

Definition of the Pauwels classification This classification, which is still frequently used at present, calculates the angle between the fracture line of the distal fragment and the horizontal line to determine shearing stress and compressive force.

What is Singh’s index?

The Singh index is a classification system for bone density of the femoral neck based on the visibility of the trabecular types that can be seen in the femoral neck.

How is Dorr classification measured?

The Dorr classification is a method of qualitative classification that is determined using anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs of the hip joint. In our exploration of quantitative indices that are suitable for the Dorr classification, we found parameters that were easily measured on plain radiographs.

What is garden type fracture?

The Garden classification is a system of categorizing intracapsular hip fractures of the femoral neck. This fracture often disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head.

What is intertrochanteric osteotomy?

A valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy corrects varus collapse and reorients a vertical fracture with a high Pauwel’s angle experiencing high shear forces into a horizontal fracture experiencing more compressive forces. 1. Good outcomes have been reported in the literature with this procedure.

What is Ward’s triangle?

Ward’s triangle is a space formed near the center of femoral neck by the intersection of three trabecular bundles, namely, the principal compressive, the secondary compressive, and the tensile trabecular.